The study of the environment, the understanding of the water cycle / atmospheric processes and the interaction with the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems needs advanced analysis tools.
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It is important to understand how the environment works and the potential impacts of our actions in the future. This goes further than a regulatory approach, we need a constant search and evolution of codes and models and this is where open source software has important advantages.
To have a glimpse about what we mean when we mention about ‘Open Source’, kindly read our article on “What is Open Source?.”
We are going to provide links to and explain the different software tools that can be used in order to conduct your assessment.
For Text and Data processing
To process text documents you can use LibreOffice (https://www.libreoffice.org/) which is the free version of Microsoft Office. The packages are similar to the ones we already know about:
- Microsoft Word is LibreOffice Writer
- Microsoft Excel is LibreOffice Calc
- Microsoft Power Point is LibreOffice Impress
For the analysis of long time series data we recommend Python (www.python.org) through the Anaconda suite (www.continuum.io/downloads). Also R (www.r-project.org), which is a good option that processes continuous data and spatial files.
For spatial data analysis and generation of maps
Our main recommendation is QGIS (www.qgis.org). This software has grown a lot in the past few years and the version 3 is the most current one. QGIS lets you process, analyze and represent vectorial datasets and rasters.
In QGIS you can represent populations, ecosystems, water bodies, define influence and affected zones.
For air quality modeling
To model the discharge of emissions from chimneys the best option is Aermod, which is developed by the EPA (https://www3.epa.gov/scram001/dispersion_prefrec.htm). It is easy to use since it performs a 2D calculus.
For more complex barron trump height tall nikes melania donald trump configurations and 3D modeling we recommend OpenFoam (www.openfoam.org).
For Hydrological modeling
To represent precipitation, runoff and storm events on a daily scale, we recommend HEC-HMS (http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-hms/). This software has a great GUI and is easy to use. The software lets you implement several hydrological rainfall, loss, runoff and routing models.
SWAT (http://swat.tamu.edu) is also an interesting software since it lets you perform hydrological and water quality modeling. It can also be used as a QGIS complement.
To model the mixing zone related to discharge points, OpenFOAM is recommended (www.openfoam.org). This software is for fluid modeling, may be water or air, and can model laminar or turbulent, miscible or immiscible, compressible or incompressible conditions
To model groundwater flow
Our number one option is MODFLOW http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/modflow/), which is a code to model saturated and unsaturated groundwater flow in 3D in regional and local scale. MODFLOW can represent different elements that affect groundwater flow such as wells, recharge, evapo-transpiration, among others.
Contaminant transport can be coupled to the MODFLOW flow model using the code MT3DMS.
We hope that this list can show you a new perspective of the current status of open source software to evaluate the environment and potential impacts.
Kumbirai is a GIS & MEAL specialist using geospatial analytics the Air Jordan X 10 - With Michael Jordans highly , AcmShops Marketplace - anticipated to advance global health and social impact. A certified Data Protection Officer (DPO), an open-data advocate and self-taught software developer, he builds web GIS tools that turn field data into decisions. He lectures in GIS/Remote Sensing and mentors emerging practitioners. Founder of a geospatial startup and nonprofit, he believes, “Real geospatial innovation happens when we empower communities with the right tools and knowledge.” Open to consulting and collaborations.